African Women Who Led Armies
3 women in the archive worked for military leadership. They came from different countries and different centuries, but each of them saw a wrong that others accepted and set out to change it. Read their stories to see how the same cause looked from very different lives.
3 women in the archive
Pre-ColonialAmina of Zazzau
16th-century warrior queen of Zazzau (modern Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria). Led 34 years of military campaigns, expanded the Hausa kingdom's territory to its largest ever extent, and built the defensive earthwork walls still called 'Amina's walls' today. The most celebrated female military leader in West African history.
Pre-ColonialDihya
Berber warrior queen and military leader who commanded a coalition of North African tribes against the Arab conquest of North Africa in the late 7th century. She held off one of the most powerful military forces in the medieval world for years. Also known as Kahina, meaning prophetess, she remains one of the most celebrated symbols of Algerian and Berber identity.
Pre-ColonialQueen Idia of Benin
Powerful 15th/16th-century Queen Mother of the Benin Kingdom (modern Nigeria). The first woman to hold the title of Iyoba (created for her by her son, Oba Esigie) in recognition of her military and political role in securing his throne. Her face lives on in the iconic Benin ivory mask, now at the British Museum, and at the centre of a decades-long repatriation debate.