[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":983},["ShallowReactive",2],{"hub-cause-index":3,"hub-cause-education":734},[4,10,16,22,27,33,38,45,51,55,60,65,69,74,77,81,86,92,98,103,107,112,115,121,125,128,131,136,141,146,150,154,158,162,166,169,174,179,184,187,192,194,196,199,203,207,210,214,218,221,225,228,232,237,242,247,250,252,255,258,261,264,269,271,278,280,284,287,292,295,297,300,303,306,309,314,318,324,327,331,335,338,340,344,347,351,354,357,361,365,367,369,371,376,378,381,383,386,390,392,394,396,400,402,405,408,412,415,418,422,426,429,433,436,438,440,443,449,452,456,458,460,462,467,473,475,477,480,482,486,491,495,497,499,504,507,511,515,517,519,523,526,529,536,543,548,550,555,558,564,566,568,570,574,579,581,583,587,589,592,594,599,605,607,613,615,622,627,634,640,642,646,649,655,659,661,665,668,672,674,676,681,684,686,689,691,693,698,701,706,709,711,715,717,722,724,727],{"causes":5},[6,7,8,9],"Diaspora affairs","Accountability","Women in politics","Media",{"causes":11},[12,13,14,15],"Political leadership","Cultural preservation","Sovereignty & independence","Women's leadership",{"causes":17},[18,19,20,21],"Education","Pan-Africanism","Women's rights","Cultural identity",{"causes":23},[24,20,25,26],"Anti-apartheid","Political freedom","Democracy",{"causes":28},[29,30,31,32],"Climate justice","Environmental activism","Youth leadership","Lake Chad crisis",{"causes":34},[35,36,37,18],"Technology","Computer Science","Women in STEM",{"causes":39},[40,41,42,43,44],"Girls' education","Merit over ethnicity","Women in science","Peace and reconciliation","Protection of civilians",{"causes":46},[47,48,49,50],"Representation","HIV awareness","Women's visibility","Beauty & fashion",{"causes":52},[20,53,18,54],"Health","Advocacy",{"causes":56},[57,7,58,59],"Human rights","Women's activism","Anti-police brutality",{"causes":61},[62,63,15,64],"Anti-apartheid activism","Healthcare rights","Political rights",{"causes":66},[67,68,14],"Anti-colonial activism","Spiritual leadership",{"causes":70},[71,72,19,73],"Literature","Feminism","African identity",{"causes":75},[76,12,20,30],"Science",{"causes":78},[53,79,80,42],"Public health","Medical heroism",{"causes":82},[83,84,85,15],"Sustainable development","Global governance","Climate policy",{"causes":87},[88,89,90,91],"Military leadership","Political power","Women's sovereignty","Trade expansion",{"causes":93},[94,95,96,97],"Sahrawi self-determination","Nonviolent resistance","Human rights documentation","Political prisoners' rights",{"causes":99},[100,101,102],"Pan-African independence","Women's political power","Equal access to medicine",{"causes":104},[40,105,106],"Artistic freedom","African culture on the world stage",{"causes":108},[20,109,62,110,111],"Judicial reform","Women's economic empowerment","Constitutional development",{"causes":113},[64,114,63,67],"Women's suffrage",{"causes":116},[20,117,118,119,120],"Development and poverty reduction","HIV/AIDS response","Rule of law","African representation in global governance",{"causes":122},[26,25,123,124],"Youth activism","Arab Spring",{"causes":126},[71,20,127,21],"Freedom of expression",{"causes":129},[57,119,130,15],"Civil society",{"causes":132},[133,76,134,135],"Agriculture","Women in academia","Food security",{"causes":137},[138,139,26,140],"Anti-apartheid resistance","Women's political leadership","Arts & culture",{"causes":142},[71,143,144,145],"Racial justice","Women's identity","Exile and belonging",{"causes":147},[13,127,148,149],"Women's health education","Defiance of social convention",{"causes":151},[152,101,153],"Independence","Grassroots organizing",{"causes":155},[156,20,157,7],"Journalism","Peace",{"causes":159},[160,49,161,47],"Sports","Athletics",{"causes":163},[164,165,20,18],"History","Gender studies",{"causes":167},[21,24,20,168],"Music",{"causes":170},[171,18,172,173],"Women's rights in literature","Immigrant experience","Social justice",{"causes":175},[176,177,79,178,139],"National independence","Women's equality in liberation movements","Pan-African women's solidarity",{"causes":180},[181,57,182,183],"Sport & empowerment","Bodily autonomy","Gender equality",{"causes":185},[13,186,19],"Cultural diplomacy",{"causes":188},[189,190,64,191],"Women's education","Anti-pass law resistance","Religious & social welfare",{"causes":193},[72,71,183,73],{"causes":195},[160,49,161,47],{"causes":197},[64,114,18,198],"Anti-colonialism",{"causes":200},[76,201,37,202],"Geophysics","Natural resources",{"causes":204},[205,20,206,19],"Anti-colonial resistance","Scholarship & literature",{"causes":208},[181,183,209],"Peace & reconciliation",{"causes":211},[212,213,18,57],"Gender-based violence","Children's rights",{"causes":215},[88,198,216,217],"Berber sovereignty","Women's power",{"causes":219},[67,220,57,20],"Nationalist politics",{"causes":222},[79,223,224,15],"Anti-corruption & transparency","Consumer protection",{"causes":226},[114,227,25],"Women's education and literacy",{"causes":229},[138,64,230,231],"International solidarity","ANC activism",{"causes":233},[234,42,235,236],"Healthcare","Child health","Ophthalmology",{"causes":238},[239,240,241],"Maternal health","Ending female genital mutilation","Training midwives",{"causes":243},[244,245,19,246],"Theatre","Children's education","African literature",{"causes":248},[139,64,249],"Economic reform",{"causes":251},[12,57,15,186],{"causes":253},[12,26,254,20],"Post-conflict reconstruction",{"causes":256},[138,20,257,18],"Community organising",{"causes":259},[12,14,260],"Religious leadership",{"causes":262},[249,20,18,263],"Grassroots organising",{"causes":265},[266,267,268],"Ndebele art and cultural heritage","Women in the arts","Teaching tradition to new generations",{"causes":270},[18,260,13],{"causes":272},[273,274,275,276,277],"Environmental conservation","Ending the charcoal trade","Renewable energy","Pastoralist livelihoods","Women in peacebuilding",{"causes":279},[62,57,20,173],{"causes":281},[282,57,119,283],"International justice","War crimes accountability",{"causes":285},[18,286,134],"Library Science",{"causes":288},[289,290,291,13],"Women's representation in literature","Publishing & education","Post-war reconstruction",{"causes":293},[294,20,18,47],"Legal rights",{"causes":296},[249,15,18,173],{"causes":298},[76,299,37,18],"Physics",{"causes":301},[140,49,302,47],"Nollywood",{"causes":304},[64,67,189,305],"Labour rights",{"causes":307},[114,64,189,308],"Northern Nigeria women's rights",{"causes":310},[311,312,313,49],"Film","Arts and culture","African storytelling",{"causes":315},[20,183,316,40,317],"Pan-African integration","Democratic governance",{"causes":319},[320,321,322,323,198],"Malagasy independence","Amnesty for political prisoners","Women's political participation","Malagasy culture and language",{"causes":325},[213,18,20,326],"Peace & humanitarian work",{"causes":328},[18,329,134,330],"Mathematics","Leadership",{"causes":332},[15,183,333,334,110],"Local governance","Urban development",{"causes":336},[337,7,15,130],"Governance",{"causes":339},[26,15,57,130],{"causes":341},[89,342,343,15],"Trade","Architecture",{"causes":345},[57,20,119,346],"Anti-death penalty",{"causes":348},[349,20,350],"Healthcare for the displaced","Peace and clan reconciliation",{"causes":352},[138,57,353,119],"Parliamentary opposition",{"causes":355},[20,176,18,356],"Feminist organising",{"causes":358},[322,359,26,360],"Diplomacy","Development",{"causes":362},[363,110,364],"Environmental sustainability","Plastic waste reduction",{"causes":366},[294,18,134,330],{"causes":368},[20,67,62,18,19],{"causes":370},[140,18,244,49],{"causes":372},[373,374,375],"Freedom from slavery","Dignity of trafficking survivors","Faith and service",{"causes":377},[67,20,183,18],{"causes":379},[12,20,26,380],"Economic development",{"causes":382},[212,57,209,20],{"causes":384},[14,385,205],"Diplomacy & military strategy",{"causes":387},[388,15,389,337],"Economic policy","Finance",{"causes":391},[68,67,14,13],{"causes":393},[26,64,57,119],{"causes":395},[12,18,14,15],{"causes":397},[140,13,398,399],"Women's recognition","Traditional craft",{"causes":401},[205,14,68],{"causes":403},[404,20,254,64],"Peace activism",{"causes":406},[138,139,407,305],"Pass laws",{"causes":409},[71,410,140,411],"Women's voices","Publishing",{"causes":413},[380,15,337,414],"Public finance",{"causes":416},[311,47,417,20],"Anti-colorism",{"causes":419},[322,420,198,189,421],"Press freedom","African feminist literature",{"causes":423},[139,424,189,425],"Mende unity","Diplomatic mediation",{"causes":427},[18,428,134,330],"Chemistry",{"causes":430},[431,119,432,15],"Women in the judiciary","Protection of civilians in conflict",{"causes":434},[24,18,79,435],"Democratic reform",{"causes":437},[385,15,14],{"causes":439},[322,263,67,220],{"causes":441},[171,18,442,173],"Polygamy & marriage law",{"causes":444},[445,446,447,448],"Women's welfare","Rural development","First Lady legacy","Beauty and culture",{"causes":450},[213,173,451,15],"Legal reform",{"causes":453},[454,455,109],"Women's legal rights","Ending marriage by abduction",{"causes":457},[67,14,13],{"causes":459},[140,49,302,47],{"causes":461},[62,186,19,20],{"causes":463},[138,464,127,465,466],"Black women's voices in publishing","Black-owned publishing","Documenting township life",{"causes":468},[469,470,471,472],"Sacrifice","Community protection","Women's courage","Yoruba heritage",{"causes":474},[205,14,15],{"causes":476},[67,206,20,18],{"causes":478},[138,479,57,25],"Literature & free expression",{"causes":481},[189,206,260,13],{"causes":483},[322,26,484,485],"Social development","First ladies' activism",{"causes":487},[488,489,490],"Women in sport","Olympic leadership","Youth empowerment through sport",{"causes":492},[72,20,493,494,25],"Anti-FGM","Secularism",{"causes":496},[205,12,14,15],{"causes":498},[67,14,68],{"causes":500},[501,502,503],"National liberation and independence","Women in political leadership","Peace, stability and clean government",{"causes":505},[140,506,302,49],"Health awareness",{"causes":508},[249,509,15,510],"Transparency & anti-corruption","Global trade & development",{"causes":512},[513,514,13,18],"Art","Women empowerment",{"causes":516},[62,63,139,19],{"causes":518},[14,205,12,385],{"causes":520},[18,521,522,380],"Anti-corruption","Good governance",{"causes":524},[72,525,20,71],"Anti-racism",{"causes":527},[311,528,20,313],"Humanitarian work",{"causes":530},[531,532,533,534,535],"Women's economic independence","Indigenous African commerce","Women's political authority","Market regulation","Dispute resolution",{"causes":537},[538,539,540,541,542],"Women's empowerment","HIV/AIDS awareness","National unity","Niger Delta environmental justice","Artists' rights",{"causes":544},[20,545,546,105,547],"Against forced marriage","Against polygamy","Economic empowerment of women",{"causes":549},[20,12,183,18],{"causes":551},[552,553,15,554],"Truth & reconciliation","Trauma & healing","Psychology & social justice",{"causes":556},[89,90,88,557],"Cultural legacy",{"causes":559},[560,561,562,563,531],"Women's safety","Ending FGM","Ending forced marriage","Shelter for survivors of violence",{"causes":565},[140,49,302,47],{"causes":567},[67,322,64,14],{"causes":569},[57,26,15],{"causes":571},[138,572,64,573],"Journalism & free press","Academic freedom",{"causes":575},[43,576,322,577,578],"Disarmament","Democratic elections","Refugee resettlement",{"causes":580},[140,49,168,47],{"causes":582},[359,15,404,12],{"causes":584},[205,20,585,586],"Refugee support","Independence struggle",{"causes":588},[12,26,79,20],{"causes":590},[21,18,591,19],"Resilience",{"causes":593},[205,385,68,14],{"causes":595},[596,597,598],"Genocide remembrance","Literature as testimony","Dignity of refugees and women",{"causes":600},[601,42,602,603,604],"African food security","Bioscience capacity in Africa","Sustainable pest management","Smallholder farmers",{"causes":606},[140,49,302,47],{"causes":608},[609,322,610,611,612],"Women's access to education","Social welfare","Educational equity","Disability rights",{"causes":614},[12,79,20,26],{"causes":616},[617,618,619,620,621],"Women in sacred music","Preservation of mbira tradition","Cultural resistance","Zimbabwean liberation","Mentoring female musicians",{"causes":623},[234,624,625,626],"Pharmaceuticals","Women in business","Entrepreneurship",{"causes":628},[629,630,631,632,633],"Abolition of the death penalty","Prisoners' rights","Legal education for the incarcerated","Fair sentencing","Rehabilitation of ex-prisoners",{"causes":635},[636,637,638,639,573],"African feminism","Decolonisation of law","LGBTQ+ rights","Ending sexual harassment",{"causes":641},[139,209,249,26],{"causes":643},[644,645,40],"Women's health","Family planning",{"causes":647},[14,205,12,648],"Military strategy",{"causes":650},[42,651,652,653,654],"Affordable cancer treatment","Nanotechnology in Africa","Clean water","Mentorship of African researchers",{"causes":656},[157,488,657,658],"Refugee rights","Youth empowerment",{"causes":660},[213,183,18,20],{"causes":662},[330,663,664],"Nation-building","Indigenous heritage",{"causes":666},[140,49,667,47],"Afrobeats",{"causes":669},[133,670,134,671],"Economics","Public service",{"causes":673},[206,127,20,173],{"causes":675},[21,15,19,168],{"causes":677},[678,679,680],"Equal citizenship for women","Human rights and access to justice","Indigenous land rights",{"causes":682},[683,173,183],"Environmental rights",{"causes":685},[57,119,64,20],{"causes":687},[24,688,25,15],"Human rights law",{"causes":690},[67,20,64,57],{"causes":692},[683,26,20,521],{"causes":694},[18,695,696,697],"African scholarship","Women in research","Gender equity",{"causes":699},[493,20,57,700],"UN advocacy",{"causes":702},[703,704,20,705],"Global health","Inequality","HIV/AIDS",{"causes":707},[62,64,708,15],"Black liberation",{"causes":710},[67,14,12],{"causes":712},[234,20,713,714],"Community development","Family legacy",{"causes":716},[15,385,13],{"causes":718},[719,539,720,538,721],"Malaria eradication","Children's welfare","Adult literacy",{"causes":723},[388,15,337,360],{"causes":725},[57,20,726,337],"Conflict & sexual violence",{"causes":728},[729,730,731,732,733],"Black LGBTQIA+ visibility","Ending hate crimes","Trans rights","Queer archives","Reclaiming Black identity",[735,745,755,762,769,777,785,793,802,811,821,829,836,843,850,857,865,874,882,889,896,902,911,918,924,933,941,947,954,960,968,976],{"name":736,"slug":737,"image":738,"country":739,"born":740,"died":741,"era":742,"summary":743,"causes":744},"Adelaide Casely-Hayford","adelaide-casely-hayford","/women/adelaide-casely-hayford.jpg","Sierra Leone",1868,1960,"Colonial","Sierra Leonean educator, Pan-Africanist and women's rights advocate who founded a vocational school for girls at a time when girls' education was considered unnecessary. She spent decades teaching African women that their culture, identity and intelligence were things to be proud of, not erased.",[18,19,20,21],{"name":746,"slug":747,"image":748,"country":749,"born":750,"died":751,"era":752,"summary":753,"causes":754},"Adenike Osofisan","adenike-osofisan","/women/adenike-osofisan.jpg","Nigeria",1950,null,"Modern","First Nigerian woman to earn a PhD in Computer Science (1989) and first female professor of Computer Science at the University of Ibadan. Pioneer in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computing education in Nigeria.",[35,36,37,18],{"name":756,"slug":757,"image":758,"country":749,"born":759,"died":751,"era":752,"summary":760,"causes":761},"Aisha Buhari","aisha-buhari","/women/aisha-buhari.jpg",1971,"First Lady of Nigeria (2015–2023); advocate for women's and children's welfare, health, and education. Outspoken on governance and women's participation in public life.",[20,53,18,54],{"name":763,"slug":764,"image":765,"country":749,"born":766,"died":751,"era":752,"summary":767,"causes":768},"Bolanle Awe","bolanle-awe","/women/bolanle-awe.jpg",1933,"First female professor in the Department of History at the University of Ibadan. Pioneering historian and gender studies scholar who founded the Women's Research and Documentation Centre to promote gender research and advocacy in Nigeria.",[164,165,20,18],{"name":770,"slug":771,"image":772,"country":749,"born":773,"died":774,"era":752,"summary":775,"causes":776},"Buchi Emecheta","buchi-emecheta","/women/buchi-emecheta.png",1944,2017,"Nigerian-British novelist who wrote about women's lives, race, and migration. Author of The Joys of Motherhood and Second Class Citizen; 20 novels and children's books.",[171,18,172,173],{"name":778,"slug":779,"image":780,"country":739,"born":781,"died":782,"era":752,"summary":783,"causes":784},"Constance Cummings-John","constance-cummings-john","/women/constance-cummings-john.jpg",1918,2000,"Sierra Leonean politician and educator who became the first female mayor of a city in Africa when she was elected Mayor of Freetown in 1966. She spent her life fighting for women's political rights and access to education at a time when both were considered radical ideas.",[64,114,18,198],{"name":786,"slug":787,"image":788,"country":749,"born":789,"died":751,"era":790,"summary":791,"causes":792},"Destiny Ayo Vaughan","destiny-ayo-vaughan","/women/destiny-ayo-vaughan.png",1999,"Contemporary","Founder of Mind the Gap Ireland and a survivor of child trafficking. Brought from Nigeria at five and held captive in Ireland for five years, she came through the foster care system, earned her degrees on scholarship, and became a TEDx speaker and United Nations delegate. She turned her own silence into a place where hundreds of others can speak.",[212,213,18,57],{"name":794,"slug":795,"image":796,"country":797,"born":798,"died":799,"era":742,"summary":800,"causes":801},"Ellen Kuzwayo","ellen-kuzwayo","/women/ellen-kuzwayo.jpg","South Africa",1914,2006,"South African teacher, social worker, and activist. President of the Black Consumer Union; accused in the Treason Trial; author of Call Me Woman; champion of Black women's voices.",[138,20,257,18],{"name":803,"slug":804,"image":805,"country":806,"born":807,"died":808,"era":742,"summary":809,"causes":810},"Esther Afua Ocloo","esther-afua-ocloo","/women/esther-afua-ocloo.jpg","Ghana",1919,2002,"Ghanaian entrepreneur and pioneer of microfinance who co-founded Women's World Banking, dedicating her life to ensuring poor women had access to credit and economic opportunity.",[249,20,18,263],{"name":812,"slug":813,"image":814,"country":815,"born":816,"died":817,"era":818,"summary":819,"causes":820},"Fatima al-Fihri","fatima-al-fihri","/women/fatima-al-fihri.jpg","Morocco",800,880,"Pre-Colonial","Tunisian-born founder of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco, recognised by UNESCO and Guinness World Records as the oldest existing, continually operating university in the world.",[18,260,13],{"name":822,"slug":823,"image":824,"country":749,"born":825,"died":826,"era":752,"summary":827,"causes":828},"Felicia Adetoun Ogunsheye","felicia-ogunsheye","/women/felicia-ogunsheye.jpg",1926,2016,"Nigeria's first female professor. She achieved the milestone in 1973 as a professor of Library Science at the University of Ibadan and spent her career modernizing library education and promoting women's participation in higher education.",[18,286,134],{"name":830,"slug":831,"image":832,"country":749,"born":833,"died":751,"era":752,"summary":834,"causes":835},"Folake Solanke","folake-solanke","/women/placeholder.svg",1932,"Nigerian lawyer; first female Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN). Pioneer for women in the legal profession; advocate for education and women's advancement.",[294,20,18,47],{"name":837,"slug":838,"image":839,"country":749,"born":840,"died":751,"era":790,"summary":841,"causes":842},"Folorunṣo Alakija","folorunso-alakija","/women/folorunso-alakija.jpg",1951,"Nigerian businesswoman, philanthropist, and one of Africa's wealthiest women, who built a fashion empire before entering the oil industry, and now dedicates her wealth to education and poverty alleviation through the Rose of Sharon Foundation.",[249,15,18,173],{"name":844,"slug":845,"image":846,"country":749,"born":847,"died":751,"era":752,"summary":848,"causes":849},"Francisca Nneka Okeke","francisca-okeke","/women/francisca-okeke.jpg",1956,"First female professor of physics in Nigeria. Her research in space science and ionospheric physics earned international recognition, including the L'Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Science award.",[76,299,37,18],{"name":851,"slug":852,"image":853,"country":749,"born":833,"died":854,"era":752,"summary":855,"causes":856},"Grace Alele-Williams","grace-alele-williams","/women/grace-alele-williams.jpg",2019,"Nigerian mathematician and the first woman to become a Vice-Chancellor of a Nigerian university. She spent her life fighting for girls to study mathematics and science at a time when most people believed those subjects were not for women.",[18,329,134,330],{"name":858,"slug":859,"image":860,"country":861,"born":862,"died":751,"era":752,"summary":863,"causes":864},"Graça Machel","graca-machel","/women/graca-machel.jpg","Mozambique",1945,"Mozambique's first Minister of Education, international advocate for children and women, and the only woman to have been First Lady of two nations (Mozambique and South Africa).",[213,18,20,326],{"name":866,"slug":867,"image":868,"country":869,"born":870,"died":871,"era":742,"summary":872,"causes":873},"Huda Shaarawi","huda-shaarawi","/women/huda-shaarawi.jpg","Egypt",1879,1947,"Pioneer Egyptian feminist and nationalist who founded the Egyptian Feminist Union. Famously removed her veil in public in 1923 and led the Arab women's rights movement.",[20,176,18,356],{"name":875,"slug":876,"image":877,"country":749,"born":878,"died":879,"era":752,"summary":880,"causes":881},"Jadesola Olayinka Akande","jadesola-akande","/women/jadesola-akande.jpg",1940,2008,"First Nigerian female professor of Law and Vice-Chancellor of Lagos State University. A respected authority on constitutional law who held the national honours of CON and OFR.",[294,18,134,330],{"name":883,"slug":884,"image":885,"country":886,"born":825,"died":774,"era":152,"summary":887,"causes":888},"Jeanne Martin Cissé","jeanne-martin-cisse","/women/jeanne-martin-cisse.png","Guinea","Guinean teacher and diplomat who became the first woman ever to preside over the United Nations Security Council, took delivery of 100,000 petitions against apartheid, and served her country from the classroom to the cabinet until a coup swept it all away.",[20,67,62,18,19],{"name":890,"slug":891,"image":892,"country":749,"born":893,"died":751,"era":752,"summary":894,"causes":895},"Joke Silva","joke-silva","/women/joke-silva.jpg",1961,"Nigerian actress, director, and producer; pioneer of Nigerian theatre and film. Co-founder of Lufodo Group; advocate for arts education and women in the industry.",[140,18,244,49],{"name":897,"slug":898,"image":899,"country":861,"born":862,"died":759,"era":742,"summary":900,"causes":901},"Josina Machel","josina-machel","/women/josina-machel.png","Mozambican revolutionary and women's rights activist who organised women within FRELIMO's liberation struggle, creating social programmes for orphans and displaced women during the war for independence.",[67,20,183,18],{"name":903,"slug":904,"image":905,"country":906,"born":907,"died":908,"era":742,"summary":909,"causes":910},"Labotsibeni Gwamile Mdluli","labotsibeni","/women/labotsibeni.jpg","Eswatini",1858,1925,"The formidable queen regent known as Gwamile, 'the indomitable', who ruled Swaziland through its harshest colonial decades, financed early Black South African nationalism, and preserved the monarchy for her grandson Sobhuza II.",[12,18,14,15],{"name":912,"slug":913,"image":914,"country":749,"born":915,"died":751,"era":752,"summary":916,"causes":917},"Maimuna Waziri","maimuna-waziri","/women/maimuna-waziri.jpg",1966,"Nigerian professor of chemistry and the first female Vice-Chancellor of Federal University, Gashua. She emerged from a field of 47 professors to lead the institution in 2021.",[18,428,134,330],{"name":919,"slug":920,"image":921,"country":797,"born":871,"died":751,"era":790,"summary":922,"causes":923},"Mamphela Ramphele","mamphela-ramphele","/women/mamphela-ramphele.jpg","South African doctor, academic, activist, and former World Bank Managing Director. She was the life partner of Steve Biko, survived apartheid harassment and banishment, and went on to become one of the most accomplished South African women of her generation.",[24,18,79,435],{"name":925,"slug":926,"image":927,"country":928,"born":929,"died":930,"era":152,"summary":931,"causes":932},"Mariama Bâ","mariama-ba","/women/mariama-ba.jpg","Senegal",1929,1981,"Senegalese novelist and feminist whose novel So Long a Letter became a landmark of African women's writing. Teacher and advocate for women's education and equality.",[171,18,442,173],{"name":934,"slug":935,"image":936,"country":937,"born":825,"died":938,"era":152,"summary":939,"causes":940},"Muthoni Likimani","muthoni-likimani","/women/muthoni-likimani.jpg","Kenya",2023,"Kenyan writer, broadcaster, and Mau Mau supporter who documented the untold stories of women in Kenya's independence struggle through her groundbreaking book 'Passbook Number F.47927'.",[67,206,20,18],{"name":942,"slug":943,"image":944,"country":749,"born":840,"died":751,"era":790,"summary":945,"causes":946},"Nike Davies-Okundaye","nike-davies-okundaye","/women/nike-davies-okundaye.jpg","Nigerian textile artist and cultural icon who turned her own story of survival into a movement. She runs free arts education programmes that have trained over 3,000 Nigerian women and children. Her galleries in Lagos and Osogbo house one of the largest collections of Nigerian art in private hands. She is simply known as Mama Nike.",[513,514,13,18],{"name":948,"slug":949,"image":950,"country":749,"born":951,"died":751,"era":790,"summary":952,"causes":953},"Obiageli Ezekwesili","obiageli-ezekwesili","/women/obiageli-ezekwesili.jpg",1963,"Nigerian economist, public servant, and global advocate for education and accountability. Co-founder of Transparency International Nigeria, Vice President of the World Bank for Africa, and Nigeria's Federal Minister of Education. Co-launched the #BringBackOurGirls campaign in 2014 after the Chibok kidnappings, a global movement that changed how the world talks about violence against girls.",[18,521,522,380],{"name":955,"slug":956,"image":832,"country":797,"born":957,"died":751,"era":790,"summary":958,"causes":959},"Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka","phumzile-mlambo-ngcuka",1955,"South African politician and activist who became the first female Deputy President of South Africa (2005–2008) and served as Executive Director of UN Women (2013–2021). She has championed the Generation Equality Forum and the global women's rights agenda.",[20,12,183,18],{"name":961,"slug":962,"image":963,"country":749,"born":964,"died":965,"era":742,"summary":966,"causes":967},"Sara Forbes Bonetta","sara-forbes-bonetta","/women/sara-forbes-bonetta.jpg",1843,1880,"Born Aina in Yorubaland around 1843, she was orphaned in the Dahomey slave raids, then given to Queen Victoria as a gift by King Ghezo of Dahomey. She became a remarkable figure in Victorian England, educated and cultured, yet always defined by her origins. Her life illuminates the complexity of African identity under colonialism.",[21,18,591,19],{"name":969,"slug":970,"image":971,"country":972,"born":973,"died":751,"era":790,"summary":974,"causes":975},"Theresa Kachindamoto","theresa-kachindamoto","/women/theresa-kachindamoto.jpg","Malawi",1958,"Malawian paramount chief who has annulled over 3,500 child marriages in her district, sending girls back to school and challenging deeply entrenched traditions that rob girls of their futures.",[213,183,18,20],{"name":977,"slug":978,"image":979,"country":937,"born":980,"died":751,"era":790,"summary":981,"causes":982},"Wanjiru Kamau-Rutenberg","wanjiru-kamau-rutenberg","/women/wanjiru-kamau-rutenberg.jpg",1976,"Kenyan academic and activist who founded the African Women in Leadership Organisation and led one of the most ambitious scholarship programmes for African women in STEM. She has spent her career making sure brilliant African women get the funding, mentorship and platforms they deserve.",[18,695,696,697],1789043695578]