[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":856},["ShallowReactive",2],{"hub-cause-index":3,"hub-cause-anti-colonial-activism":734},[4,10,16,22,27,33,38,45,51,55,60,65,69,74,77,81,86,92,98,103,107,112,115,121,125,128,131,136,141,146,150,154,158,162,166,169,174,179,184,187,192,194,196,199,203,207,210,214,218,221,225,228,232,237,242,247,250,252,255,258,261,264,269,271,278,280,284,287,292,295,297,300,303,306,309,314,318,324,327,331,335,338,340,344,347,351,354,357,361,365,367,369,371,376,378,381,383,386,390,392,394,396,400,402,405,408,412,415,418,422,426,429,433,436,438,440,443,449,452,456,458,460,462,467,473,475,477,480,482,486,491,495,497,499,504,507,511,515,517,519,523,526,529,536,543,548,550,555,558,564,566,568,570,574,579,581,583,587,589,592,594,599,605,607,613,615,622,627,634,640,642,646,649,655,659,661,665,668,672,674,676,681,684,686,689,691,693,698,701,706,709,711,715,717,722,724,727],{"causes":5},[6,7,8,9],"Diaspora affairs","Accountability","Women in politics","Media",{"causes":11},[12,13,14,15],"Political leadership","Cultural preservation","Sovereignty & independence","Women's leadership",{"causes":17},[18,19,20,21],"Education","Pan-Africanism","Women's rights","Cultural identity",{"causes":23},[24,20,25,26],"Anti-apartheid","Political freedom","Democracy",{"causes":28},[29,30,31,32],"Climate justice","Environmental activism","Youth leadership","Lake Chad crisis",{"causes":34},[35,36,37,18],"Technology","Computer Science","Women in STEM",{"causes":39},[40,41,42,43,44],"Girls' education","Merit over ethnicity","Women in science","Peace and reconciliation","Protection of civilians",{"causes":46},[47,48,49,50],"Representation","HIV awareness","Women's visibility","Beauty & fashion",{"causes":52},[20,53,18,54],"Health","Advocacy",{"causes":56},[57,7,58,59],"Human rights","Women's activism","Anti-police brutality",{"causes":61},[62,63,15,64],"Anti-apartheid activism","Healthcare rights","Political rights",{"causes":66},[67,68,14],"Anti-colonial activism","Spiritual leadership",{"causes":70},[71,72,19,73],"Literature","Feminism","African identity",{"causes":75},[76,12,20,30],"Science",{"causes":78},[53,79,80,42],"Public health","Medical heroism",{"causes":82},[83,84,85,15],"Sustainable development","Global governance","Climate policy",{"causes":87},[88,89,90,91],"Military leadership","Political power","Women's sovereignty","Trade expansion",{"causes":93},[94,95,96,97],"Sahrawi self-determination","Nonviolent resistance","Human rights documentation","Political prisoners' rights",{"causes":99},[100,101,102],"Pan-African independence","Women's political power","Equal access to medicine",{"causes":104},[40,105,106],"Artistic freedom","African culture on the world stage",{"causes":108},[20,109,62,110,111],"Judicial reform","Women's economic empowerment","Constitutional development",{"causes":113},[64,114,63,67],"Women's suffrage",{"causes":116},[20,117,118,119,120],"Development and poverty reduction","HIV/AIDS response","Rule of law","African representation in global governance",{"causes":122},[26,25,123,124],"Youth activism","Arab Spring",{"causes":126},[71,20,127,21],"Freedom of expression",{"causes":129},[57,119,130,15],"Civil society",{"causes":132},[133,76,134,135],"Agriculture","Women in academia","Food security",{"causes":137},[138,139,26,140],"Anti-apartheid resistance","Women's political leadership","Arts & culture",{"causes":142},[71,143,144,145],"Racial justice","Women's identity","Exile and belonging",{"causes":147},[13,127,148,149],"Women's health education","Defiance of social convention",{"causes":151},[152,101,153],"Independence","Grassroots organizing",{"causes":155},[156,20,157,7],"Journalism","Peace",{"causes":159},[160,49,161,47],"Sports","Athletics",{"causes":163},[164,165,20,18],"History","Gender studies",{"causes":167},[21,24,20,168],"Music",{"causes":170},[171,18,172,173],"Women's rights in literature","Immigrant experience","Social justice",{"causes":175},[176,177,79,178,139],"National independence","Women's equality in liberation movements","Pan-African women's solidarity",{"causes":180},[181,57,182,183],"Sport & empowerment","Bodily autonomy","Gender equality",{"causes":185},[13,186,19],"Cultural diplomacy",{"causes":188},[189,190,64,191],"Women's education","Anti-pass law resistance","Religious & social welfare",{"causes":193},[72,71,183,73],{"causes":195},[160,49,161,47],{"causes":197},[64,114,18,198],"Anti-colonialism",{"causes":200},[76,201,37,202],"Geophysics","Natural resources",{"causes":204},[205,20,206,19],"Anti-colonial resistance","Scholarship & literature",{"causes":208},[181,183,209],"Peace & reconciliation",{"causes":211},[212,213,18,57],"Gender-based violence","Children's rights",{"causes":215},[88,198,216,217],"Berber sovereignty","Women's power",{"causes":219},[67,220,57,20],"Nationalist politics",{"causes":222},[79,223,224,15],"Anti-corruption & transparency","Consumer protection",{"causes":226},[114,227,25],"Women's education and literacy",{"causes":229},[138,64,230,231],"International solidarity","ANC activism",{"causes":233},[234,42,235,236],"Healthcare","Child health","Ophthalmology",{"causes":238},[239,240,241],"Maternal health","Ending female genital mutilation","Training midwives",{"causes":243},[244,245,19,246],"Theatre","Children's education","African literature",{"causes":248},[139,64,249],"Economic reform",{"causes":251},[12,57,15,186],{"causes":253},[12,26,254,20],"Post-conflict reconstruction",{"causes":256},[138,20,257,18],"Community organising",{"causes":259},[12,14,260],"Religious leadership",{"causes":262},[249,20,18,263],"Grassroots organising",{"causes":265},[266,267,268],"Ndebele art and cultural heritage","Women in the arts","Teaching tradition to new generations",{"causes":270},[18,260,13],{"causes":272},[273,274,275,276,277],"Environmental conservation","Ending the charcoal trade","Renewable energy","Pastoralist livelihoods","Women in peacebuilding",{"causes":279},[62,57,20,173],{"causes":281},[282,57,119,283],"International justice","War crimes accountability",{"causes":285},[18,286,134],"Library Science",{"causes":288},[289,290,291,13],"Women's representation in literature","Publishing & education","Post-war reconstruction",{"causes":293},[294,20,18,47],"Legal rights",{"causes":296},[249,15,18,173],{"causes":298},[76,299,37,18],"Physics",{"causes":301},[140,49,302,47],"Nollywood",{"causes":304},[64,67,189,305],"Labour rights",{"causes":307},[114,64,189,308],"Northern Nigeria women's rights",{"causes":310},[311,312,313,49],"Film","Arts and culture","African storytelling",{"causes":315},[20,183,316,40,317],"Pan-African integration","Democratic governance",{"causes":319},[320,321,322,323,198],"Malagasy independence","Amnesty for political prisoners","Women's political participation","Malagasy culture and language",{"causes":325},[213,18,20,326],"Peace & humanitarian work",{"causes":328},[18,329,134,330],"Mathematics","Leadership",{"causes":332},[15,183,333,334,110],"Local governance","Urban development",{"causes":336},[337,7,15,130],"Governance",{"causes":339},[26,15,57,130],{"causes":341},[89,342,343,15],"Trade","Architecture",{"causes":345},[57,20,119,346],"Anti-death penalty",{"causes":348},[349,20,350],"Healthcare for the displaced","Peace and clan reconciliation",{"causes":352},[138,57,353,119],"Parliamentary opposition",{"causes":355},[20,176,18,356],"Feminist organising",{"causes":358},[322,359,26,360],"Diplomacy","Development",{"causes":362},[363,110,364],"Environmental sustainability","Plastic waste reduction",{"causes":366},[294,18,134,330],{"causes":368},[20,67,62,18,19],{"causes":370},[140,18,244,49],{"causes":372},[373,374,375],"Freedom from slavery","Dignity of trafficking survivors","Faith and service",{"causes":377},[67,20,183,18],{"causes":379},[12,20,26,380],"Economic development",{"causes":382},[212,57,209,20],{"causes":384},[14,385,205],"Diplomacy & military strategy",{"causes":387},[388,15,389,337],"Economic policy","Finance",{"causes":391},[68,67,14,13],{"causes":393},[26,64,57,119],{"causes":395},[12,18,14,15],{"causes":397},[140,13,398,399],"Women's recognition","Traditional craft",{"causes":401},[205,14,68],{"causes":403},[404,20,254,64],"Peace activism",{"causes":406},[138,139,407,305],"Pass laws",{"causes":409},[71,410,140,411],"Women's voices","Publishing",{"causes":413},[380,15,337,414],"Public finance",{"causes":416},[311,47,417,20],"Anti-colorism",{"causes":419},[322,420,198,189,421],"Press freedom","African feminist literature",{"causes":423},[139,424,189,425],"Mende unity","Diplomatic mediation",{"causes":427},[18,428,134,330],"Chemistry",{"causes":430},[431,119,432,15],"Women in the judiciary","Protection of civilians in conflict",{"causes":434},[24,18,79,435],"Democratic reform",{"causes":437},[385,15,14],{"causes":439},[322,263,67,220],{"causes":441},[171,18,442,173],"Polygamy & marriage law",{"causes":444},[445,446,447,448],"Women's welfare","Rural development","First Lady legacy","Beauty and culture",{"causes":450},[213,173,451,15],"Legal reform",{"causes":453},[454,455,109],"Women's legal rights","Ending marriage by abduction",{"causes":457},[67,14,13],{"causes":459},[140,49,302,47],{"causes":461},[62,186,19,20],{"causes":463},[138,464,127,465,466],"Black women's voices in publishing","Black-owned publishing","Documenting township life",{"causes":468},[469,470,471,472],"Sacrifice","Community protection","Women's courage","Yoruba heritage",{"causes":474},[205,14,15],{"causes":476},[67,206,20,18],{"causes":478},[138,479,57,25],"Literature & free expression",{"causes":481},[189,206,260,13],{"causes":483},[322,26,484,485],"Social development","First ladies' activism",{"causes":487},[488,489,490],"Women in sport","Olympic leadership","Youth empowerment through sport",{"causes":492},[72,20,493,494,25],"Anti-FGM","Secularism",{"causes":496},[205,12,14,15],{"causes":498},[67,14,68],{"causes":500},[501,502,503],"National liberation and independence","Women in political leadership","Peace, stability and clean government",{"causes":505},[140,506,302,49],"Health awareness",{"causes":508},[249,509,15,510],"Transparency & anti-corruption","Global trade & development",{"causes":512},[513,514,13,18],"Art","Women empowerment",{"causes":516},[62,63,139,19],{"causes":518},[14,205,12,385],{"causes":520},[18,521,522,380],"Anti-corruption","Good governance",{"causes":524},[72,525,20,71],"Anti-racism",{"causes":527},[311,528,20,313],"Humanitarian work",{"causes":530},[531,532,533,534,535],"Women's economic independence","Indigenous African commerce","Women's political authority","Market regulation","Dispute resolution",{"causes":537},[538,539,540,541,542],"Women's empowerment","HIV/AIDS awareness","National unity","Niger Delta environmental justice","Artists' rights",{"causes":544},[20,545,546,105,547],"Against forced marriage","Against polygamy","Economic empowerment of women",{"causes":549},[20,12,183,18],{"causes":551},[552,553,15,554],"Truth & reconciliation","Trauma & healing","Psychology & social justice",{"causes":556},[89,90,88,557],"Cultural legacy",{"causes":559},[560,561,562,563,531],"Women's safety","Ending FGM","Ending forced marriage","Shelter for survivors of violence",{"causes":565},[140,49,302,47],{"causes":567},[67,322,64,14],{"causes":569},[57,26,15],{"causes":571},[138,572,64,573],"Journalism & free press","Academic freedom",{"causes":575},[43,576,322,577,578],"Disarmament","Democratic elections","Refugee resettlement",{"causes":580},[140,49,168,47],{"causes":582},[359,15,404,12],{"causes":584},[205,20,585,586],"Refugee support","Independence struggle",{"causes":588},[12,26,79,20],{"causes":590},[21,18,591,19],"Resilience",{"causes":593},[205,385,68,14],{"causes":595},[596,597,598],"Genocide remembrance","Literature as testimony","Dignity of refugees and women",{"causes":600},[601,42,602,603,604],"African food security","Bioscience capacity in Africa","Sustainable pest management","Smallholder farmers",{"causes":606},[140,49,302,47],{"causes":608},[609,322,610,611,612],"Women's access to education","Social welfare","Educational equity","Disability rights",{"causes":614},[12,79,20,26],{"causes":616},[617,618,619,620,621],"Women in sacred music","Preservation of mbira tradition","Cultural resistance","Zimbabwean liberation","Mentoring female musicians",{"causes":623},[234,624,625,626],"Pharmaceuticals","Women in business","Entrepreneurship",{"causes":628},[629,630,631,632,633],"Abolition of the death penalty","Prisoners' rights","Legal education for the incarcerated","Fair sentencing","Rehabilitation of ex-prisoners",{"causes":635},[636,637,638,639,573],"African feminism","Decolonisation of law","LGBTQ+ rights","Ending sexual harassment",{"causes":641},[139,209,249,26],{"causes":643},[644,645,40],"Women's health","Family planning",{"causes":647},[14,205,12,648],"Military strategy",{"causes":650},[42,651,652,653,654],"Affordable cancer treatment","Nanotechnology in Africa","Clean water","Mentorship of African researchers",{"causes":656},[157,488,657,658],"Refugee rights","Youth empowerment",{"causes":660},[213,183,18,20],{"causes":662},[330,663,664],"Nation-building","Indigenous heritage",{"causes":666},[140,49,667,47],"Afrobeats",{"causes":669},[133,670,134,671],"Economics","Public service",{"causes":673},[206,127,20,173],{"causes":675},[21,15,19,168],{"causes":677},[678,679,680],"Equal citizenship for women","Human rights and access to justice","Indigenous land rights",{"causes":682},[683,173,183],"Environmental rights",{"causes":685},[57,119,64,20],{"causes":687},[24,688,25,15],"Human rights law",{"causes":690},[67,20,64,57],{"causes":692},[683,26,20,521],{"causes":694},[18,695,696,697],"African scholarship","Women in research","Gender equity",{"causes":699},[493,20,57,700],"UN advocacy",{"causes":702},[703,704,20,705],"Global health","Inequality","HIV/AIDS",{"causes":707},[62,64,708,15],"Black liberation",{"causes":710},[67,14,12],{"causes":712},[234,20,713,714],"Community development","Family legacy",{"causes":716},[15,385,13],{"causes":718},[719,539,720,538,721],"Malaria eradication","Children's welfare","Adult literacy",{"causes":723},[388,15,337,360],{"causes":725},[57,20,726,337],"Conflict & sexual violence",{"causes":728},[729,730,731,732,733],"Black LGBTQIA+ visibility","Ending hate crimes","Trans rights","Queer archives","Reclaiming Black identity",[735,745,754,763,772,781,790,800,808,817,824,832,841,848],{"name":736,"slug":737,"image":738,"country":739,"born":740,"died":741,"era":742,"summary":743,"causes":744},"Aline Sitoé Diatta","aline-sitoe-diatta","/women/aline-sitoe-diatta.jpg","Senegal",1920,1944,"Colonial","Diola spiritual leader in Casamance, Senegal, who led resistance against French colonial rice requisitions during World War II. Arrested and deported to Timbuktu, where she died at 24.",[67,68,14],{"name":746,"slug":747,"image":748,"country":749,"born":750,"died":751,"era":152,"summary":752,"causes":753},"Aoua Keita","aoua-keita","/women/aoua-keita.jpg","Mali",1912,1980,"Malian midwife, politician, and activist who became the first woman elected to Mali's National Assembly. Campaigned for women's suffrage, healthcare, and independence from France.",[64,114,63,67],{"name":755,"slug":756,"image":757,"country":758,"born":759,"died":760,"era":152,"summary":761,"causes":762},"Djamila Bouhired","djamila-bouhired","/women/djamila-bouhired.jpg","Algeria",1935,null,"Algerian resistance fighter of the Battle of Algiers whose torture and death sentence became a global scandal that helped expose the brutality of French colonial rule. She walked free as Algeria won independence and remains one of the revolution's most enduring faces.",[67,220,57,20],{"name":764,"slug":765,"image":766,"country":767,"born":768,"died":769,"era":742,"summary":770,"causes":771},"Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti","funmilayo-ransome-kuti","/women/funmilayo-ransome-kuti.png","Nigeria",1900,1978,"Nigerian activist who led the Abeokuta Women's Union, fought colonial taxation, and became the first woman to drive a car in Nigeria. Mother of Afrobeat legend Fela Kuti.",[64,67,189,305],{"name":773,"slug":774,"image":775,"country":776,"born":777,"died":778,"era":152,"summary":779,"causes":780},"Jeanne Martin Cissé","jeanne-martin-cisse","/women/jeanne-martin-cisse.png","Guinea",1926,2017,"Guinean teacher and diplomat who became the first woman ever to preside over the United Nations Security Council, took delivery of 100,000 petitions against apartheid, and served her country from the classroom to the cabinet until a coup swept it all away.",[20,67,62,18,19],{"name":782,"slug":783,"image":784,"country":785,"born":786,"died":787,"era":742,"summary":788,"causes":789},"Josina Machel","josina-machel","/women/josina-machel.png","Mozambique",1945,1971,"Mozambican revolutionary and women's rights activist who organised women within FRELIMO's liberation struggle, creating social programmes for orphans and displaced women during the war for independence.",[67,20,183,18],{"name":791,"slug":792,"image":793,"country":794,"born":795,"died":796,"era":797,"summary":798,"causes":799},"Kimpa Vita","kimpa-vita","/women/kimpa-vita.jpg","Democratic Republic of the Congo",1684,1706,"Pre-Colonial","Kongolese prophet who led a religious and political movement to reunify the Kingdom of Kongo, claiming to be possessed by Saint Anthony. Burned at the stake at 22.",[68,67,14,13],{"name":801,"slug":802,"image":803,"country":767,"born":804,"died":805,"era":152,"summary":806,"causes":807},"Margaret Ekpo","margaret-ekpo","/women/margaret-ekpo.jpg",1914,2006,"Nigerian women's rights activist and pioneer politician who mobilised thousands of women in Eastern Nigeria during the independence era, breaking into a political system designed to exclude them.",[322,263,67,220],{"name":809,"slug":810,"image":811,"country":812,"born":813,"died":814,"era":742,"summary":815,"causes":816},"Mekatilili wa Menza","mekatilili-wa-menza","/women/placeholder.svg","Kenya",1840,1924,"Giriama leader who organised mass resistance against British colonial rule in coastal Kenya, using traditional oaths and dance to unite her people against forced labour and land seizure.",[67,14,13],{"name":818,"slug":819,"image":820,"country":812,"born":777,"died":821,"era":152,"summary":822,"causes":823},"Muthoni Likimani","muthoni-likimani","/women/muthoni-likimani.jpg",2023,"Kenyan writer, broadcaster, and Mau Mau supporter who documented the untold stories of women in Kenya's independence struggle through her groundbreaking book 'Passbook Number F.47927'.",[67,206,20,18],{"name":825,"slug":826,"image":827,"country":828,"born":813,"died":829,"era":742,"summary":830,"causes":831},"Nehanda Charwe Nyakasikana","nehanda-charwe-nyakasikana","/women/nehanda-charwe-nyakasikana.jpg","Zimbabwe",1898,"Zimbabwean spirit medium and revolutionary leader who commanded the First Chimurenga uprising against British colonisation. Her last words, 'my bones will rise,' became the rallying cry of Zimbabwe's independence movement 80 years later.",[67,14,68],{"name":833,"slug":834,"image":835,"country":836,"born":837,"died":838,"era":152,"summary":839,"causes":840},"Rose Chibambo","rose-chibambo","/women/rose-chibambo.jpg","Malawi",1928,2016,"Malawian independence activist and politician who was a founding leader of the Malawi Congress Party, mobilising women across the country in the fight against British colonial rule.",[67,322,64,14],{"name":842,"slug":843,"image":811,"country":812,"born":844,"died":845,"era":152,"summary":846,"causes":847},"Wambui Otieno","wambui-otieno",1936,2011,"Kenyan freedom fighter and women's rights advocate who fought in the Mau Mau uprising as a teenager, later becoming a fierce defender of women's property and inheritance rights.",[67,20,64,57],{"name":849,"slug":850,"image":851,"country":852,"born":813,"died":853,"era":742,"summary":854,"causes":855},"Yaa Asantewaa","yaa-asantewaa","/women/yaa-asantewaa.png","Ghana",1921,"Queen Mother of Ejisu who led the Ashanti army against British colonial forces in the War of the Golden Stool, one of the last major anti-colonial wars in West Africa, led by a woman.",[67,14,12],1789043696189]