[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":795},["ShallowReactive",2],{"hub-cause-index":3,"hub-cause-anti-apartheid-activism":734},[4,10,16,22,27,33,38,45,51,55,60,65,69,74,77,81,86,92,98,103,107,112,115,121,125,128,131,136,141,146,150,154,158,162,166,169,174,179,184,187,192,194,196,199,203,207,210,214,218,221,225,228,232,237,242,247,250,252,255,258,261,264,269,271,278,280,284,287,292,295,297,300,303,306,309,314,318,324,327,331,335,338,340,344,347,351,354,357,361,365,367,369,371,376,378,381,383,386,390,392,394,396,400,402,405,408,412,415,418,422,426,429,433,436,438,440,443,449,452,456,458,460,462,467,473,475,477,480,482,486,491,495,497,499,504,507,511,515,517,519,523,526,529,536,543,548,550,555,558,564,566,568,570,574,579,581,583,587,589,592,594,599,605,607,613,615,622,627,634,640,642,646,649,655,659,661,665,668,672,674,676,681,684,686,689,691,693,698,701,706,709,711,715,717,722,724,727],{"causes":5},[6,7,8,9],"Diaspora affairs","Accountability","Women in politics","Media",{"causes":11},[12,13,14,15],"Political leadership","Cultural preservation","Sovereignty & independence","Women's leadership",{"causes":17},[18,19,20,21],"Education","Pan-Africanism","Women's rights","Cultural identity",{"causes":23},[24,20,25,26],"Anti-apartheid","Political freedom","Democracy",{"causes":28},[29,30,31,32],"Climate justice","Environmental activism","Youth leadership","Lake Chad crisis",{"causes":34},[35,36,37,18],"Technology","Computer Science","Women in STEM",{"causes":39},[40,41,42,43,44],"Girls' education","Merit over ethnicity","Women in science","Peace and reconciliation","Protection of civilians",{"causes":46},[47,48,49,50],"Representation","HIV awareness","Women's visibility","Beauty & fashion",{"causes":52},[20,53,18,54],"Health","Advocacy",{"causes":56},[57,7,58,59],"Human rights","Women's activism","Anti-police brutality",{"causes":61},[62,63,15,64],"Anti-apartheid activism","Healthcare rights","Political rights",{"causes":66},[67,68,14],"Anti-colonial activism","Spiritual leadership",{"causes":70},[71,72,19,73],"Literature","Feminism","African identity",{"causes":75},[76,12,20,30],"Science",{"causes":78},[53,79,80,42],"Public health","Medical heroism",{"causes":82},[83,84,85,15],"Sustainable development","Global governance","Climate policy",{"causes":87},[88,89,90,91],"Military leadership","Political power","Women's sovereignty","Trade expansion",{"causes":93},[94,95,96,97],"Sahrawi self-determination","Nonviolent resistance","Human rights documentation","Political prisoners' rights",{"causes":99},[100,101,102],"Pan-African independence","Women's political power","Equal access to medicine",{"causes":104},[40,105,106],"Artistic freedom","African culture on the world stage",{"causes":108},[20,109,62,110,111],"Judicial reform","Women's economic empowerment","Constitutional development",{"causes":113},[64,114,63,67],"Women's suffrage",{"causes":116},[20,117,118,119,120],"Development and poverty reduction","HIV/AIDS response","Rule of law","African representation in global governance",{"causes":122},[26,25,123,124],"Youth activism","Arab Spring",{"causes":126},[71,20,127,21],"Freedom of expression",{"causes":129},[57,119,130,15],"Civil society",{"causes":132},[133,76,134,135],"Agriculture","Women in academia","Food security",{"causes":137},[138,139,26,140],"Anti-apartheid resistance","Women's political leadership","Arts & culture",{"causes":142},[71,143,144,145],"Racial justice","Women's identity","Exile and belonging",{"causes":147},[13,127,148,149],"Women's health education","Defiance of social convention",{"causes":151},[152,101,153],"Independence","Grassroots organizing",{"causes":155},[156,20,157,7],"Journalism","Peace",{"causes":159},[160,49,161,47],"Sports","Athletics",{"causes":163},[164,165,20,18],"History","Gender studies",{"causes":167},[21,24,20,168],"Music",{"causes":170},[171,18,172,173],"Women's rights in literature","Immigrant experience","Social justice",{"causes":175},[176,177,79,178,139],"National independence","Women's equality in liberation movements","Pan-African women's solidarity",{"causes":180},[181,57,182,183],"Sport & empowerment","Bodily autonomy","Gender equality",{"causes":185},[13,186,19],"Cultural diplomacy",{"causes":188},[189,190,64,191],"Women's education","Anti-pass law resistance","Religious & social welfare",{"causes":193},[72,71,183,73],{"causes":195},[160,49,161,47],{"causes":197},[64,114,18,198],"Anti-colonialism",{"causes":200},[76,201,37,202],"Geophysics","Natural resources",{"causes":204},[205,20,206,19],"Anti-colonial resistance","Scholarship & literature",{"causes":208},[181,183,209],"Peace & reconciliation",{"causes":211},[212,213,18,57],"Gender-based violence","Children's rights",{"causes":215},[88,198,216,217],"Berber sovereignty","Women's power",{"causes":219},[67,220,57,20],"Nationalist politics",{"causes":222},[79,223,224,15],"Anti-corruption & transparency","Consumer protection",{"causes":226},[114,227,25],"Women's education and literacy",{"causes":229},[138,64,230,231],"International solidarity","ANC activism",{"causes":233},[234,42,235,236],"Healthcare","Child health","Ophthalmology",{"causes":238},[239,240,241],"Maternal health","Ending female genital mutilation","Training midwives",{"causes":243},[244,245,19,246],"Theatre","Children's education","African literature",{"causes":248},[139,64,249],"Economic reform",{"causes":251},[12,57,15,186],{"causes":253},[12,26,254,20],"Post-conflict reconstruction",{"causes":256},[138,20,257,18],"Community organising",{"causes":259},[12,14,260],"Religious leadership",{"causes":262},[249,20,18,263],"Grassroots organising",{"causes":265},[266,267,268],"Ndebele art and cultural heritage","Women in the arts","Teaching tradition to new generations",{"causes":270},[18,260,13],{"causes":272},[273,274,275,276,277],"Environmental conservation","Ending the charcoal trade","Renewable energy","Pastoralist livelihoods","Women in peacebuilding",{"causes":279},[62,57,20,173],{"causes":281},[282,57,119,283],"International justice","War crimes accountability",{"causes":285},[18,286,134],"Library Science",{"causes":288},[289,290,291,13],"Women's representation in literature","Publishing & education","Post-war reconstruction",{"causes":293},[294,20,18,47],"Legal rights",{"causes":296},[249,15,18,173],{"causes":298},[76,299,37,18],"Physics",{"causes":301},[140,49,302,47],"Nollywood",{"causes":304},[64,67,189,305],"Labour rights",{"causes":307},[114,64,189,308],"Northern Nigeria women's rights",{"causes":310},[311,312,313,49],"Film","Arts and culture","African storytelling",{"causes":315},[20,183,316,40,317],"Pan-African integration","Democratic governance",{"causes":319},[320,321,322,323,198],"Malagasy independence","Amnesty for political prisoners","Women's political participation","Malagasy culture and language",{"causes":325},[213,18,20,326],"Peace & humanitarian work",{"causes":328},[18,329,134,330],"Mathematics","Leadership",{"causes":332},[15,183,333,334,110],"Local governance","Urban development",{"causes":336},[337,7,15,130],"Governance",{"causes":339},[26,15,57,130],{"causes":341},[89,342,343,15],"Trade","Architecture",{"causes":345},[57,20,119,346],"Anti-death penalty",{"causes":348},[349,20,350],"Healthcare for the displaced","Peace and clan reconciliation",{"causes":352},[138,57,353,119],"Parliamentary opposition",{"causes":355},[20,176,18,356],"Feminist organising",{"causes":358},[322,359,26,360],"Diplomacy","Development",{"causes":362},[363,110,364],"Environmental sustainability","Plastic waste reduction",{"causes":366},[294,18,134,330],{"causes":368},[20,67,62,18,19],{"causes":370},[140,18,244,49],{"causes":372},[373,374,375],"Freedom from slavery","Dignity of trafficking survivors","Faith and service",{"causes":377},[67,20,183,18],{"causes":379},[12,20,26,380],"Economic development",{"causes":382},[212,57,209,20],{"causes":384},[14,385,205],"Diplomacy & military strategy",{"causes":387},[388,15,389,337],"Economic policy","Finance",{"causes":391},[68,67,14,13],{"causes":393},[26,64,57,119],{"causes":395},[12,18,14,15],{"causes":397},[140,13,398,399],"Women's recognition","Traditional craft",{"causes":401},[205,14,68],{"causes":403},[404,20,254,64],"Peace activism",{"causes":406},[138,139,407,305],"Pass laws",{"causes":409},[71,410,140,411],"Women's voices","Publishing",{"causes":413},[380,15,337,414],"Public finance",{"causes":416},[311,47,417,20],"Anti-colorism",{"causes":419},[322,420,198,189,421],"Press freedom","African feminist literature",{"causes":423},[139,424,189,425],"Mende unity","Diplomatic mediation",{"causes":427},[18,428,134,330],"Chemistry",{"causes":430},[431,119,432,15],"Women in the judiciary","Protection of civilians in conflict",{"causes":434},[24,18,79,435],"Democratic reform",{"causes":437},[385,15,14],{"causes":439},[322,263,67,220],{"causes":441},[171,18,442,173],"Polygamy & marriage law",{"causes":444},[445,446,447,448],"Women's welfare","Rural development","First Lady legacy","Beauty and culture",{"causes":450},[213,173,451,15],"Legal reform",{"causes":453},[454,455,109],"Women's legal rights","Ending marriage by abduction",{"causes":457},[67,14,13],{"causes":459},[140,49,302,47],{"causes":461},[62,186,19,20],{"causes":463},[138,464,127,465,466],"Black women's voices in publishing","Black-owned publishing","Documenting township life",{"causes":468},[469,470,471,472],"Sacrifice","Community protection","Women's courage","Yoruba heritage",{"causes":474},[205,14,15],{"causes":476},[67,206,20,18],{"causes":478},[138,479,57,25],"Literature & free expression",{"causes":481},[189,206,260,13],{"causes":483},[322,26,484,485],"Social development","First ladies' activism",{"causes":487},[488,489,490],"Women in sport","Olympic leadership","Youth empowerment through sport",{"causes":492},[72,20,493,494,25],"Anti-FGM","Secularism",{"causes":496},[205,12,14,15],{"causes":498},[67,14,68],{"causes":500},[501,502,503],"National liberation and independence","Women in political leadership","Peace, stability and clean government",{"causes":505},[140,506,302,49],"Health awareness",{"causes":508},[249,509,15,510],"Transparency & anti-corruption","Global trade & development",{"causes":512},[513,514,13,18],"Art","Women empowerment",{"causes":516},[62,63,139,19],{"causes":518},[14,205,12,385],{"causes":520},[18,521,522,380],"Anti-corruption","Good governance",{"causes":524},[72,525,20,71],"Anti-racism",{"causes":527},[311,528,20,313],"Humanitarian work",{"causes":530},[531,532,533,534,535],"Women's economic independence","Indigenous African commerce","Women's political authority","Market regulation","Dispute resolution",{"causes":537},[538,539,540,541,542],"Women's empowerment","HIV/AIDS awareness","National unity","Niger Delta environmental justice","Artists' rights",{"causes":544},[20,545,546,105,547],"Against forced marriage","Against polygamy","Economic empowerment of women",{"causes":549},[20,12,183,18],{"causes":551},[552,553,15,554],"Truth & reconciliation","Trauma & healing","Psychology & social justice",{"causes":556},[89,90,88,557],"Cultural legacy",{"causes":559},[560,561,562,563,531],"Women's safety","Ending FGM","Ending forced marriage","Shelter for survivors of violence",{"causes":565},[140,49,302,47],{"causes":567},[67,322,64,14],{"causes":569},[57,26,15],{"causes":571},[138,572,64,573],"Journalism & free press","Academic freedom",{"causes":575},[43,576,322,577,578],"Disarmament","Democratic elections","Refugee resettlement",{"causes":580},[140,49,168,47],{"causes":582},[359,15,404,12],{"causes":584},[205,20,585,586],"Refugee support","Independence struggle",{"causes":588},[12,26,79,20],{"causes":590},[21,18,591,19],"Resilience",{"causes":593},[205,385,68,14],{"causes":595},[596,597,598],"Genocide remembrance","Literature as testimony","Dignity of refugees and women",{"causes":600},[601,42,602,603,604],"African food security","Bioscience capacity in Africa","Sustainable pest management","Smallholder farmers",{"causes":606},[140,49,302,47],{"causes":608},[609,322,610,611,612],"Women's access to education","Social welfare","Educational equity","Disability rights",{"causes":614},[12,79,20,26],{"causes":616},[617,618,619,620,621],"Women in sacred music","Preservation of mbira tradition","Cultural resistance","Zimbabwean liberation","Mentoring female musicians",{"causes":623},[234,624,625,626],"Pharmaceuticals","Women in business","Entrepreneurship",{"causes":628},[629,630,631,632,633],"Abolition of the death penalty","Prisoners' rights","Legal education for the incarcerated","Fair sentencing","Rehabilitation of ex-prisoners",{"causes":635},[636,637,638,639,573],"African feminism","Decolonisation of law","LGBTQ+ rights","Ending sexual harassment",{"causes":641},[139,209,249,26],{"causes":643},[644,645,40],"Women's health","Family planning",{"causes":647},[14,205,12,648],"Military strategy",{"causes":650},[42,651,652,653,654],"Affordable cancer treatment","Nanotechnology in Africa","Clean water","Mentorship of African researchers",{"causes":656},[157,488,657,658],"Refugee rights","Youth empowerment",{"causes":660},[213,183,18,20],{"causes":662},[330,663,664],"Nation-building","Indigenous heritage",{"causes":666},[140,49,667,47],"Afrobeats",{"causes":669},[133,670,134,671],"Economics","Public service",{"causes":673},[206,127,20,173],{"causes":675},[21,15,19,168],{"causes":677},[678,679,680],"Equal citizenship for women","Human rights and access to justice","Indigenous land rights",{"causes":682},[683,173,183],"Environmental rights",{"causes":685},[57,119,64,20],{"causes":687},[24,688,25,15],"Human rights law",{"causes":690},[67,20,64,57],{"causes":692},[683,26,20,521],{"causes":694},[18,695,696,697],"African scholarship","Women in research","Gender equity",{"causes":699},[493,20,57,700],"UN advocacy",{"causes":702},[703,704,20,705],"Global health","Inequality","HIV/AIDS",{"causes":707},[62,64,708,15],"Black liberation",{"causes":710},[67,14,12],{"causes":712},[234,20,713,714],"Community development","Family legacy",{"causes":716},[15,385,13],{"causes":718},[719,539,720,538,721],"Malaria eradication","Children's welfare","Adult literacy",{"causes":723},[388,15,337,360],{"causes":725},[57,20,726,337],"Conflict & sexual violence",{"causes":728},[729,730,731,732,733],"Black LGBTQIA+ visibility","Ending hate crimes","Trans rights","Queer archives","Reclaiming Black identity",[735,745,753,761,770,778,787],{"name":736,"slug":737,"image":738,"country":739,"born":740,"died":741,"era":742,"summary":743,"causes":744},"Albertina Sisulu","albertina-sisulu","/women/albertina-sisulu.jpg","South Africa",1918,2011,"Modern","South African anti-apartheid activist and nurse who kept the resistance alive while her husband Walter Sisulu was imprisoned for 26 years alongside Nelson Mandela. She was banned, arrested, and surveilled for decades, and never stopped.",[62,63,15,64],{"name":746,"slug":747,"image":748,"country":749,"born":740,"died":750,"era":152,"summary":751,"causes":752},"Annie Jiagge","annie-jiagge","/women/annie-jiagge.jpg","Ghana",1996,"Ghanaian jurist who became the first woman judge in the Commonwealth of Nations and the principal drafter of the 1967 UN declaration that grew into CEDAW, the world's bill of rights for women.",[20,109,62,110,111],{"name":754,"slug":755,"image":756,"country":739,"born":757,"died":758,"era":742,"summary":759,"causes":760},"Fatima Meer","fatima-meer","/women/placeholder.svg",1928,2010,"South African sociologist and anti-apartheid activist who built solidarity between Indian and African South Africans, was banned, detained and firebombed for her defiance, and wrote Nelson Mandela's first authorised biography.",[62,57,20,173],{"name":762,"slug":763,"image":764,"country":765,"born":766,"died":767,"era":152,"summary":768,"causes":769},"Jeanne Martin Cissé","jeanne-martin-cisse","/women/jeanne-martin-cisse.png","Guinea",1926,2017,"Guinean teacher and diplomat who became the first woman ever to preside over the United Nations Security Council, took delivery of 100,000 petitions against apartheid, and served her country from the classroom to the cabinet until a coup swept it all away.",[20,67,62,18,19],{"name":771,"slug":772,"image":773,"country":739,"born":774,"died":775,"era":742,"summary":776,"causes":777},"Miriam Makeba","miriam-makeba","/women/miriam-makeba.jpg",1932,2008,"South African singer and activist known as 'Mama Africa' who used music as a weapon against apartheid, addressed the United Nations, and was exiled from her homeland for 31 years.",[62,186,19,20],{"name":779,"slug":780,"image":781,"country":739,"born":782,"died":783,"era":784,"summary":785,"causes":786},"Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma","nkosazana-dlamini-zuma","/women/nkosazana-dlamini-zuma.jpg",1949,null,"Contemporary","South African politician and physician who served as the first woman Chairperson of the African Union Commission, having previously led South Africa's transformation of its healthcare system as Minister of Health.",[62,63,139,19],{"name":788,"slug":789,"image":790,"country":739,"born":791,"died":792,"era":742,"summary":793,"causes":794},"Winnie Madikizela-Mandela","winnie-madikizela-mandela","/women/winnie-madikizela-mandela.jpg",1936,2018,"South African anti-apartheid activist who kept resistance alive inside the country while Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years. Known as the 'Mother of the Nation.'",[62,64,708,15],1789043696074]